NUTR 1st Edition by McGuire – Test Bank
Chapter 4 – Carbohydrates
True/False
1. A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of one or more sugar molecules.
2. Lactose is found in a wide variety of foods.
3. Artificial sweeteners are typically hundreds of times sweeter than table sugar but do not contribute calorically to a food item.
4. Starch molecules found in plants are made entirely of glucose molecules bound together.
5. Dietary fiber is least abundant in fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods.
6. The glycemic index is a rating scale that compares the glycemic response to a typical serving of a given food to the glycemic response to 50 grams of glucose.
7. Insulin is released from the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels.
8. Ketones are produced by the gluconeogenesis pathway.
9. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood.
10. Treatment of type 1 diabetes always requires insulin injections (or an insulin pump).
Multiple Choice: Fact Recall Based
1. The term “simple carbohydrates” refers to
A. monosaccharides and disaccharides.
B. polysaccharides.
C. dietary fiber.
D. starch and glycogen.
2. Complex carbohydrates include all of the following except:
A. monosaccharides and disaccharides.
B. polysaccharides.
C. dietary fiber.
D. starch and glycogen.
3. The most abundant monosaccharide in the human body is
A. galactose.
B. glucose.
C. fructose.
D. sucrose.
4. High-fructose corn syrup is
A. produced from sugar cane.
B. naturally found in foods.
C. a mixture of fructose and glucose.
D. consumed at levels that are less than those of table sugar consumption.
5. Lactose consists of
A. galactose bound to glucose.
B. galactose bound to fructose.
C. fructose bound to glucose.
D. glucose bound to glucose.
6. Sucrose consists of
A. fructose bound to glucose.
B. fructose bound to galactose.
C. glucose bound to glucose.
D. fructose bound to maltose.
7. The artificial sweetener that is dangerous for people with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria is
A. acesulfame K.
B. saccharin.
C. aspartame.
D. sucralose.
8. Alternative sweeteners that are produced naturally in plants include sugar alcohols and
A. aspartame.
B. saccharin.
C. sucralose.
D. stevia.
9. Glycogen is
A. stored in the liver and skeletal muscle.
B. stored in adipose tissue.
C. stored in the brain.
D. not stored.
10. Dietary fiber is non-digestible by humans because
A. the enzymes required to digest fiber are depleted by digesting starches.
B. we lack the enzymes to break the types of bonds found in fiber.
C. we don’t produce the acid necessary to break the types of bonds found in fiber.
11. Soluble fiber, in addition to reducing the risk of heart disease, can
A. reduce blood glucose levels.
B. increase blood glucose levels.
C. serves as a probiotic.
D. promote the growth of harmful bacteria in the large intestine.
12. Most of the fiber in a kernel of wheat is found in
A. the germ.
B. the endosperm.
C. the bran.
D. the stalk.
13. Most of the starch in a kernel of wheat is found in
A. the germ.
B. the endosperm.
C. the bran.
D. the stalk.
14. Chemical digestion of the starch begins in the
A. mouth.
B. stomach.
C. small intestine.
D. large intestine.
15. Maltose, an end product of starch digestion, is degraded in the small intestine by the enzyme
A. maltase.
B. sucrose.
C. lactase.
D. fructosidase.