Test Bank For Earth System History 4th Edition By Stanley

ISBN-13:9781429255264, ISBN:1429255269

Chapter 01

1.	Actualism is the
	A)	idea that the geological record provides a unique perspective on human activities.
	B)	study of how large meteors have struck the Earth over time and thus caused mass extinctions of life.
	C)	notion that fundamental physical principles operating today have done so throughout Earth’s history.
	D)	study of ripples in sand made by water and air movements, and how those features are always different from the ones made by water and air long ago.
	Ans:	C

2.	The concept or philosophy of uniformitarianism is commonly summarized by saying
	A)	catastrophic forces dominate Earth’s geological history.
	B)	conditions existing today cannot form rocks as in the past.
	C)	rocks cannot be made in the laboratory.
	D)	the present is the key to the past.
	Ans:	D

3.	We can use the principle of actualism if
	A)	the rocks in question formed under conditions that no longer exist.
	B)	we can simulate or replicate the conditions under which a rock formed.
	C)	we know that the conditions responsible for the formation of these rocks still exist, but at such great depths beneath Earth’s surface that we cannot observe them.
	D)	the conditions exist today, but produce the rocks over a long interval of geologic time.
	Ans:	B

4.	Catastrophism is a
	A)	principle very similar to actualism and uniformitarianism.
	B)	theory advanced first by a Scottish gentleman farmer named James Hutton and expounded upon by the English naturalist and author Charles Lyell.
	C)	nineteenth-century concept that floods caused by supernatural forces formed most of the rocks that we see today on Earth’s surface today.
	D)	twentieth-century philosophy about the formation of volcanic rocks.
	Ans:	C

5.	Central to Hutton’s view of Earth’s history was
	A)	vast geologic time.
	B)	catastrophism.
	C)	volcanism.
	D)	supernatural floods.
	Ans:	A

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