Test Bank For Earth System History 4th Edition By Stanley
ISBN-13:9781429255264, ISBN:1429255269
Chapter 01
| 1. | Actualism is the | |
| A) | idea that the geological record provides a unique perspective on human activities. | |
| B) | study of how large meteors have struck the Earth over time and thus caused mass extinctions of life. | |
| C) | notion that fundamental physical principles operating today have done so throughout Earth’s history. | |
| D) | study of ripples in sand made by water and air movements, and how those features are always different from the ones made by water and air long ago. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| 2. | The concept or philosophy of uniformitarianism is commonly summarized by saying | |
| A) | catastrophic forces dominate Earth’s geological history. | |
| B) | conditions existing today cannot form rocks as in the past. | |
| C) | rocks cannot be made in the laboratory. | |
| D) | the present is the key to the past. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| 3. | We can use the principle of actualism if | |
| A) | the rocks in question formed under conditions that no longer exist. | |
| B) | we can simulate or replicate the conditions under which a rock formed. | |
| C) | we know that the conditions responsible for the formation of these rocks still exist, but at such great depths beneath Earth’s surface that we cannot observe them. | |
| D) | the conditions exist today, but produce the rocks over a long interval of geologic time. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| 4. | Catastrophism is a | |
| A) | principle very similar to actualism and uniformitarianism. | |
| B) | theory advanced first by a Scottish gentleman farmer named James Hutton and expounded upon by the English naturalist and author Charles Lyell. | |
| C) | nineteenth-century concept that floods caused by supernatural forces formed most of the rocks that we see today on Earth’s surface today. | |
| D) | twentieth-century philosophy about the formation of volcanic rocks. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| 5. | Central to Hutton’s view of Earth’s history was | |
| A) | vast geologic time. | |
| B) | catastrophism. | |
| C) | volcanism. | |
| D) | supernatural floods. | |
| Ans: | A | |
