NR283 Exam 1 Questions Bank with Answers (Latest-2021 – 2022)

Chapter 1

2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:

1. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
2. signs and symptoms of a disease.
3. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness.
4. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection.

6. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as:

1. hypertrophy.
2. metaplasia.
3. anaplasia.
4. atrophy.

1. metaplasia.
2. atrophy.
3. dysplasia.
4. hypertrophy.

1. hypertrophy.
2. dysplasia.
3. atrophy.
4. regeneration.

12. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?

1. Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
2. Ischemic damage to cells
3. Liquefaction of necrotic tissue

d.

13. Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:

1. an iatrogenic cause of cancer.
2. a preventive measure.
3. a precipitating factor.
4. a predisposing condition.

19. Pathophysiology involves the study of:

7. A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show increased mitotic

figures would be called:

10. Rigorous weight lifting/bodybuilding regimens may result in the skeletal muscle cells

undergoing:

1. the structure of the human body.
2. the functions of various organs in the body.
3. functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes.
4. various cell structures and related functions.

Chapter 2

8. Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

1. Rapid, strong pulse
2. Low hematocrit
3. Increased urine output

d.

1. Dehydration
2. Third-spacing
3. Hypovolemia
4. Water retention

10. Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?

1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3. Calcium
4. Iron

11. Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?

1. Loss of the thirst mechanism
2. Excessive sweating
3. Excessive aldosterone secretion
4. A prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations

17. Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?

1. 4.5-8
2. 7.0
3. 7.4

d. 8

30. An anxiety attack often causes hyperventilation leading to:

1. increased PCO2.
2. decreased PCO2.

9. Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume

combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?

c. d.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

respiratory acidosis. metabolic acidosis.

Pedigree Punnett squares Karyotype Genotype

autosomal dominant disorder. multifactorial disorder. developmental defect.

1, 2
1, 3
2, 4
1, 3, 4

autosome. genotype. meiosis.

Chapter 21

2. What is the term for an arrangement of the chromosomes from an individual’s cell, organized in

pairs based on size and shape?

6. Down syndrome is an example of a/an:

15. Which of the following are common manifestations of Down syndrome?

1. Congenital heart defect

2. Cleft lip and palate

3. Large protruding tongue

4. Limited intellectual development

16. A spontaneous alteration in genetic material that may result from exposure to harmful

substances is termed:

24. Developmental disorders can result from all the following EXCEPT:

1. exposure to radiation.
2. mercury in foods and water.
3. drugs and alcohol.

d.

32. The cellular division process that produces the chromosomes that are in the sperm and ova is

called:

1. meiosis.
2. mitosis.
3. organogenesis.
4. polysomy.