Nursing Care of Children Principles and Practice 3rd edition by Susan R. James – Test Bank

a.

Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal limits.

b.

Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.

c.

Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occurring first.

d.

Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.

Feedback

A

Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the child’s function and complexity of behavior. The increases in the rate of function and complexity can vary normally within limits for each child.

B

An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition of growth.

C

Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization.

D

Development is a more complex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.

a.

Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays or deficits.

b.

Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.

c.

Critical periods of development occur during childhood.

d.

Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.

Feedback

A

Infancy is a dynamic time of development that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress.

B

Infants in a nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their developmental stage.

C

Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time in their growth and developmental process.

D

Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individual’s abilities and potential.

a.

Culture

b.

Environment

c.

Genetics

d.

Nutrition

Feedback

A

Culture is a significant factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences.

B

The environment has a significant role in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of genetics.

C

Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individual’s growth and developmental rate. Although factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent.

D

Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role throughout childhood.